Delayed Egress: What, Where, Why And How?

Delayed egress systems are door locking systems which prevent a door from opening immediately when egress is attempted in a non-emergency situation.

One of the golden rules is that a lock is never supposed to impede egress, but there are specific situations where it is allowed with special approval from the Local Authority Having Jurisdiction (LAHJ), as long as the application is in accordance with the relevant building codes which consider both core requirements and building occupancy.

Delayed Egress locking arrangements fall under the category of NFPA 101 Special Locking Arrangements, but specification may also be subject to other codes such as:

NFPA 80 Standard For Fire Doors And Other Opening Protectives

NFPA 72 National Fire Alarm And Signaling Code

NEC National Electric Code.

Other building codes may be used in your locality or in a particular structure, and they will usually reference all these NFPA codes.

Delayed egress has many important uses.

For healthcare facilities, it can alert staff to a patient attempting to leave the premises.
In commercial applications, doors may be equipped with delayed egress to discourage shoplifting.
At airports, doors leading to hazardous and flight line areas will be equipped with delayed egress to further secure these areas against unauthorized movements.
In schools and childcare, delayed egress systems will deter abductions, delinquency, etc.
In security environments where it is desired that a credential be used for passage in both directions, a delayed egress lock will allow locking of the door, encouraging the use of a credential, without potentially trapping individuals if there is a legitimate reason for them to exit.

It is imperative that the installer confirm the acceptability of a delayed egress system with the LAHJ prior to installation. In some geographical locations, and in some types of occupancies, more than one authority may have jurisdiction, such as both Fire Marshal and Building Inspector. It is the responsibility of the installer to determine the hierarchy of LAHJs for a particular situation, and to take the necessary steps to assure compliance.

Delayed Egress systems are typically configured in several ways:

An integrated Delayed Egress electromagnetic lock in which all logic and locking components are built into a single device
A Component System with separate locking, logic, annunciation and control components
A Positive Latching Exit Device with integral delayed egress circuitry

Depending on the design, the delayed egress may be triggered by door movement pressure on the door or pressure on a separate triggering device. In some cases, the triggering device is a switch built into a mechanical exit device or a pushbar designed for use with electromagnetic locks.

Key Code Requirements

Building Codes vary with respect to requirements for Delayed Egress locking arrangements. However they all have a similar set core of rules:

The delayed egress lock must be approved or listed and shall be permitted for installation on doors serving occupancy levels as specified per prevailing code (refer to your prevailing code and consult your LAHJ for complete details).
The doors must unlock upon activation of an automatic sprinkler system or automatic fire detection system.
The door(s) must unlock (allow immediate egress) upon loss of power controlling the delayed egress locking device.
The delayed egress locks shall be unlocked by a signal from the fire command center.
Important Note: Some localities may also require a remotely located manual reset station attended at all times by trained personnel.
. Applying not more than 15 lbs of pressure for a maximum of 1 second (1 second nuisance delay) will start an irreversible process to unlock the door in 15 seconds. *The LAHJ may permit up to a 30 second delay and up to a 3 second nuisance delay, while in some cases no nuisance delay is permitted
A local (at the door) alarm must sound at the opening upon initiation of the release process. *A remote signal may also be required
A sign must be applied to the door stating, “PUSH UNTIL ALARM SOUNDS. DOOR CAN BE OPENED IN 15 SECONDS.” Letters must be 1 inch high by 1/8” stroke. The sign shall indicate 30 seconds where applicable.
Emergency lighting is required as prescribed per code.
The lock must be manually reset at the door. *not a universal requirement
A building occupant shall not be required to pass through more than one delayed egress equipped door in order to escape the building.

The following is a roundup of delayed egress products available to the locksmith. For a complete list, consult the Locksmith Ledger Online Buyers Guide, www.locksmithledger.com/directory, or check with your local locksmith distributor.

DynaLock 3101 B Series

DynaLock’s 3101B Series 1500 Lbs. Delay Egress Holding Force Electromagnetic Locks are designed to satisfy life safety codes and high security needs at the same time. The next generation 3101B system offers better technology, resistance to electrical surges, and a virtually maintenance-free sensing system.

In a typical installation, the door is normally closed and latched by the existing mechanical door hardware (typically an exit device) and magnetically secured by the 3101B Lock. Attempting to exit by applying 15 pounds. or less pressure to the exit device push plate will cause the door to become unlatched, and the pressure and door movement will be sensed by the 3101B internal sensor. If the pressure is applied beyond the preset nuisance delay of 1 or 2 seconds, it will activate the 3101B delay egress timer. The audible and red LED will pulsate for 15 seconds (30 seconds field selectable). After the time delay has elapsed, the lock will release and the audible will sound continuously with a green LED until the door is shut and the lock is reset. Reset and/or bypass are accomplished with a built-in keyswitch or remote signal.

The system unlocks automatically when the 3101B is integrated with the building emergency fire alarm system or power is removed. Fire alarm contacts on the 3101B Lock are field selectable for NO and NC signals.

DynaLock 3101B features include:

Completely Self Contained
12/24 VDC/VAC
Unique Sensor Unaffected by Minor Door Misalignment
Lifetime Warranty

UL Listed GWXT Auxiliary Lock
UL Listed FWAX Special Locking Arrangements
Voltage select
Fire Alarm Interface Configuration
Nuisance Delay ( 1 or 3 sec)
Bypass (disable) Local Audible Signal
Egress Delay (15 or 30 seconds)
Sensor Control (Select internal pressure sensor or exterior initiation)
Remote reset connections
Remote Bypass With time Delay (unlocks instantly for time set by onboard timer)
Remote Bypass (without time delay) follows timing of external contact
Remote Initiation (for using an external switch initiation)
Delayed Egress Output (remotely signals that delayed egress is triggered)
Dynastat Output (monitors armature bond)
DSM Option (door status monitor)
ATS Option (monitors tamper switch in cover of unit)

More Info: www.dynalock.com.

SECURITRON iMXDa/ iEXDa

Securitron’s iMXDa Delayed Egress embodies state-of-the-art electromagnetic locking with integrated exit delay. With any attempted exit initiating an alarm and a brief delay before the lock releases, personnel are able to respond before an exit or loss occurs. It is ideal for memory care wards, hospitals, dormitories, airports, childcare facilities and retail or warehouse environments.

The Securitron iMXDa incorporates Securitron’s BondSTAT and Door Position Sensor (DPS) Magnalock® technology along with an intelligent microprocessor, alarm options and a trainable door movement feature. The unit features 1,200 lbs. of holding force, auto sensing dual voltage (12/24 VDC) and provides a variety of easily selectable operating functions.

Installation requires no alteration or replacement of existing latching hardware and the iMXDa is UL listed for use on a fire-rated opening with existing fire-rated latching hardware. Mounting has been simplified with the use of an interlocking mounting bracket.

The iMXDa can be programmed to initiate at a specific range of door movement in a simple one-step operation.

When an occupant triggers the iMXDa by pushing the door to the selected initiation range, he will first trigger a loud audible beeping warning for 3 seconds. After the 3 second period completes, the iMXDa will go into a response time mode featuring a constant audible alarm for 15 or 30 seconds according to code, after which the iMXDa releases the door for egress, the audible alarm stops and the LED changes state to indicate the door is open.

The iEXDa is a variation of the iMXDa that initiates the egress and response cycle through an exit device rather than through door movement.

Model iMXDa/iEXDa features include:

Holding Force 1200 Lbs [544 kg]
Dimensions: Length 12.5" [318mm]
Height 3.63" [92mm]
Depth 2" [51mm]
Dual Voltage 12/24 Volts DC
Current: @ 12 VDC 370mA @ 24 VDC 270mA
Output Relays: External Alarm, Tamper Switch, Door Position Switch (DPS)

More Info: www.securitron.com.

DETEX ADVANTEX

The Detex Advantex Delayed Egress System with Latch Retraction (EExER) is designed for applications where both delayed egress and remote unlocking, remote dogging, access control or an automatic door operator are desired. An EX Request to Exit Switch is included for pushpad monitoring. The 100 dB alarm will sound when someone attempts to exit but the door will remain locked for 15 seconds, deterring unauthorized exits and providing time to respond to the alarm. Ideal for restricted areas, access controlled doors, and any door requiring authorized entry or exit, while preventing unauthorized entry or exit. This product is ideal for fire-rated, cross corridor, access controlled, delayed egress doors with automatic operators, all without using magnetic locks or electric strikes.

Benefits:

All delayed egress and access control functions are implemented in the exit device, no external magnets, electric strikes or electric trims are needed
15-second delay prevents unauthorized exit, reduces theft and protects those trying to exit
Use of any access control system and latch retraction allows entry/ exit for any authorized card holder
Required fire alarm input provides life safety override for immediate exit during a fire emergency
Easy-to-operate with visual and audible arming indicators
Simple mounting and wiring provide quick, trouble-free and secure installation saving time and money
Available as stand-alone or fully integrated EasyKit

Features include:

Heavy-duty, Grade 1 exit device stands up to extreme high traffic conditions
100dB alarm demands attention, even in noisy environments, helping prevent unauthorized exits
Wall-mounted remote interface module with red/green LEDs provide visual arming indication
Automatic rearm occurs after authorized entry and exit
Can be reset by key and/or Access Control
Through-wire hinge or power transfer compatible

Mechanical Options:

FC - Flex Conduit and End Cap (ex. 10xEExERxFC)
KS - Key Stop, key removed only when armed
MC65 - Factory Installed Mortise Cylinder
Optional Cylinder Nut Wrench P/N: 103779
AL18 - Surface ArmoredLoop(Door/Frame Mounted)
Foreign Language Signs Available - Contact Factory
10 Year Mechanical/3 Year Electrical Limited Manufacturer's Warranty

Electrical Options:

30 - 30 second delayed egress prior approval letter from Authority Having Jurisdiction required Electrical Options
LX - Latch Bolt Monitor / Latch Secure Switch
RKO - Reset by Key Only (Reset with key/Access Control Std.)
SA - Silent Arming
LN - Less Nuisance Alarm

EExER Panic Device:

Logic and power requirements supplied by 84-800 Logic Controller and Power Supply designed for single door application (required and sold separately)
84-800 amp draws at 1.2 Amps @ 24 VDC
85-800 Logic Controller and Power Supply designed for double door applications (required and sold separately)
85-800 amp draws at 2.5 Amps @ 24 VDC Fire alarm input - Requires a closed contact (when powered) of a locally approved fire alarm system

Remote Interface Module: (provided with Logic Controller):

Wall mounted
Dummy cylinder included
May also be used with 5, 6 or 7-pin standard and interchangeable core cylinder
Available in Surface or Flush mount
Available in Gray or Black Finish

84-800 / 85-800 Logic Controller and Power Supply:

Remote bypass output -5A@24VAC/VDC Max.
Remote bypass input
Silent arming/rearming optional

Detex 800 Series

Detex 84-800 and 85-800 Series logic and power supply controllers provide both the electronic logic interface between the delayed egress and latch retraction functions and a secure, consistent power feed to the exit devices. Included with the controller is the Remote Interface Unit (RIU) containing the alarm and keyswitch for the delayed egress.

The power supply and controller are all in one box; all connections are centralized and only a single AC line voltage is required to activate. The locksmith can specify and supply the economical 84-800 for single door or 85-800 for two-door latch retraction, delayed egress applications.

Features include:

• Fire alarm input for life safety compliance

• Filtered and regulated 24VDC power protects circuitry from stray power surges and spikes

• Fuse protected

• Connections are labeled to identify circuits

• Can be bypassed or rearmed with key or Access Control

• DSM - Door Signal Module signals Automatic Operators

• Cable harnesses engineered to take guesswork out of making correct point to point connections

• Cable harness lengths allow 84/85-800 enclosures to be located up to 15' from device

• Status LEDs toggle on or off for easy troubleshooting

• Output relay for local and remote alarm

Accessories (RIU) include MC65 Mortise Cylinder (installed) and IC7 Interchangeable core housing (installed).

More Info: www.detex.com.

AlarmLock Delayed Egress Systems

Models 265, 265L (long arm) and 715 are non-handed, delayed egress, electronic exit door locking systems. Arming is accomplished by actuating the deadbolt using a 1-1/8” rim cylinder (not included). When armed, depressing the paddle (Model 265) or pushbar (Model 715) will release the deadbolt and sound an immediate alarm. However the deadlatch will prevent the door from opening until the 15-second exit delay has expired. Provisions are made for instant alarmed exit in the event of actual emergencies, such as smoke, fire, power failure, etc., using auxiliary detection equipment.

A standard 9V alkaline battery is provided. This battery must be installed at all times for proper operation of the unit. An LED on the Control Box indicates that the unit is armed.

Specs:

Power: 12Vac, 20VA Transformer; 9Vdc AlkalineBattery(Alarm Standby)

Current: 775mA max.; Alarm Circuit,BatteryOnly (Ac Failure): Standby, 20μA typ.; Alarm, 75mA typ.

Standby: 1 year typ.

BatteryLife: 200 alarm sequences typ. or constant alarm for 7 hours typ.

Latch Release Time: 13-15 seconds

Auto Alarm Shutdown: 2 minutes typ.

Sound Pressure Level: 95dB measured at 10 ft.

Operating Temperature: 20 to 135°F (-7 to 57°C)

Features include:

15-second delayed egress
Meets NFPA101 Life Safety Code
Local smoke-detector input (easy key reset)
Selectable alarm: continuous or two-minute shutdown
Exterior key control (requires additional rim cylinder)
Audible low-battery indication
Visual armed indicator LED (on Control Box)
Piercing electronic siren (95dB at 10 feet)
Full 1” throw deadbolt with rotating steel inserts.

The following items are supplied with the product:

Lock Assembly, with 9V alkaline backup battery

Single-Door Keeper Assembly

Paddle-Arm Assembly (Model 265); or Push Bar Assembly (Model 715)

Control Box Assembly

Model 271 Flexible Conduit, with covers (2)

Power Transformer

5-Conductor Cable (10 feet)

Self-Adhesive Warning Labels (Model 265, 1; Model 715, 2) required to comply with NFPA 101 Hardware

More Info: www.alarmlock.com.

VON DUPRIN CHEXIT

Designed for use on delayed exit applications, the Chexit system is ideal for controlled areas. All controls, auxiliary locking, local alarm, and remote signaling are self-contained in the Chexit, providing safe, secure, easy to install and simple to operate door control and exit hardware.

Chexit controlled exit devices are for use on Panic or Fire Exit hardware applications. This concept in delayed exit systems combines life safety with the needs of security and meets all requirements of NFPA 101 for “Special Locking Arrangement.”

The Chexit device includes a 6" x 20" decal for application on door: “PUSH UNTIL ALARM SOUNDS. DOOR CAN BE OPENED IN 15 SECONDS.”

Minimum width door opening:

• 3' Device: 34" opening

• 4' Device: 40" opening

Consult factory for other size requirements.

Solenoid Specifications:

• Continuous Duty – 24VDC

• Current Inrush – 16 amperes

• Current Holding – .3 amperes

This device requires PS914 power supply.

A request-to-exit switch is built into the device to detect attempts to exit. Pushing the pushpad when the device is armed will cause this switch to start an irreversible alarm cycle.

When a Chexit is located in a public area, it can be used to limit false alarms. If the Nuisance Delay options are set to off, the device will go into alarm as soon as the pushpad is touched (when armed). Turning the Nuisance Delay on will require the pushpad to be pressed for 1 second before the Chexit goes into alarm. If the Nuisance Audible and Nuisance Delay are both on, the alarm will sound as soon as the pushpad is pressed, but the alarm sequence will stop unless the pushpad is held for 1 second or more.

For remote alarm applications, a relay contact is provided to give external alarm indication. This contact closes when the device is in an irreversible alarm condition. This contact can be used to drive a horn, lamp, or other indicative device.

The Key Switch provides the means to arm, disarm or reset the Chexit. The key can be removed in either the Arm or Disarm position.

The status of the Chexit can be determined by the indicator lamp. When the lamp is off, this indicates the device is disarmed and is functioning as a normal exit device (no delay). A continuously on lamp indicates the device has just been armed and as soon as the selectable rearm timer expires, the device will arm. A slow flashing lamp indicates the device is armed. A fast flashing indicator lamp indicates the device is in alarm.

Whenever the device is in alarm or the pushpad is pressed, the internal horn will sound. The volume level of this horn exceeds 85 db at 6 feet.

An external door position switch can be connected to the Chexit. Using the door position input ensures that the door is in the closed and latched position before the device rearms.

An optional External Inhibit Input is provided to allow authorized egress of the Chexit in the armed condition. It also allows remote reset of the Chexit in an alarmed condition.

The Fire Alarm Input disables the Chexit immediately upon a fire alarm.

An Internal Auxiliary Lock is engaged when the Chexit is armed. The locking mechanism is specifically designed to hold securely even when the exit device is struck with forceful blows.

The User Defineable Rearm Time is the amount of time after the device is activated before it arms. It is designed to give someone time to pass through the door before rearming occurs. Timing can be changed by the user for any time between 2 and 28 seconds in two-second increments. An infinite rearm setting requires the use of an external door position switch. In this setting the door remains in the rearm mode until the door is closed. This can be useful on jetway doors in an airport.

Most jurisdictions allow 15 seconds of delay before allowing egress. In those cases where 15 seconds is not appropriate, Von Duprin can set the Chexit for any delay time between 0 and 60 seconds on 2 second increments. For delays greater than 15 seconds a letter from the local authority is required.

With a card reader to allow access, the Chexit can be used as an access control device. The card reader allows access. Also shown in this application is an external horn and door position switch. The auxiliary horn is used for increased volume in remote locations.

Using a door position switch gives added security to the opening in case the door is not reclosed.

With the Chexit disarmed, the opening functions as a normal exit device. If card readers are required on both sides of the door, the normally closed contacts of the readers should be weird in series.

More Info: www.securitytechnologies.ingersollrand.com.

To read additional Locksmith Ledger articles about delayed egress, visit http://tinyurl.com/delay713.